The Weed Loss Committee of the Weed Science Society of America estimates that uncontrolled weeds can reduce crop yields up to 50% in maize ( Zea mays L.) ( Soltani et al., 2016) and 52% in soybean ( Soltani et al., 2017). Compared to animal pests (18%) and pathogens (16%), weeds can cause twice as severe (34%) of a yield penalty ( Oerke, 2006). Weeds represent some of the most vital biotic limitation to global crop production, with the greatest potential for crop yield penalties. Finally, potential cross-disciplinary questions across the domains of crop science, weed science, agricultural water management, irrigation science and engineering, and environmental changes were proposed to direct and prioritize future research efforts in the crop-weed-water arena. A model of mixed plant community evapotranspiration (ET) was adapted to model weed-crop-soil system evaporation and transpiration in a crop canopy infested with multiple ( n) weed species. Mandatory protocols and the best practices typically followed in the agricultural water management research were described and recommended for weed scientists to avoid pitfalls in quantifying and presenting weed WU. A lack of the best experimental and reporting practices in weed WU research was identified that undermined the robustness, transferability, and application of the WU data. Distributions of weed WU data reported via eight different metrics were assessed for variability and mean WU. The objective of this review was to synthesize globally available quantitative data on weed water use (WU) sourced from 23 peer-reviewed publications (filtered from 233 publications via a multi-step protocol of inclusion criteria) with experimental investigations across space (3 continents), time (1927–2018), weed species (27 broadleaf and 7 grasses) and characteristics, cropping systems (5), soil types (ranging from coarse-textured sand to fine-textured clay soils), determination techniques, experimental factors (environment, management, resource availability, and competition), and aridity regimes (ranging from semi-arid to humid climate). Most of the studies on the crop-weed competition domain are limited to assessing crop-yield losses due to weed pressure and other crop-weed interactions, overlooking the significant uptake of soil-water by weeds that exacerbates global water constraints and threatens the productivity and profitability. Weeds usually penalize crop yields by competing for resources, such as water, light, nutrients, and space. 2Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States.1Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.Mandeep Singh 1 † Meetpal Singh Kukal 2 † Suat Irmak 2 † Amit J.
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